Mr.Mou @ ShiShi AP Center

英语中的条件句

🧠 什么是条件句(Conditionals)?

条件句(Conditionals) 是用于表达“如果……就……”这类假设或条件关系的句型结构。 它通常由一个 条件从句(if-clause) 和一个 主句(main clause) 组成,用于说明在某种条件下可能会发生的结果、事实或假设。

英语中的条件句按时间和真实程度可分为几种主要类型:

例如:If I had studied harder, I would be at a better university now. = 过去未实现的努力(条件) + 现在的假设结果 这就是一种混合条件句


🔎 说明与符号


🔁 条件句口诀帮助记忆


类型 / Type 句型结构 / Sentence Pattern 英文示例句 / Example Sentence 使用情境 / When to Use 标志词 / Signal Words 常见场景 / Usage Notes
零条件句 / Zero Conditional
🧪📚🗣
If + present simple, present simple If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. 💬 表示恒真的事实、科学原理或规则
Used for facts that are always true
if, when, whenever 🧪 科学现象
📚 考试常见
🗣 日常口语较少使用
第一条件句 / First Conditional
📅🗣📚
If + present simple, will + base verb If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay home. 📆 表示将来可能发生的真实情况
Possible and likely future events
if, unless, as long as, in case 🗣 日常口语常用
📚 考试结构
第二条件句 / Second Conditional
🌈🗣📚
If + past simple, would + base verb If I had a million dollars, I’d travel the world. 🌈 表示不真实的现在或未来假设
Unreal or imaginary situations
if, were, would, could 🗣 口语假设情境常用
📚 语法写作考点
⚠️ If I were… 为固定虚拟结构
第三条件句 / Third Conditional
⏳📝📚
If + past perfect, would have + past participle If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. 🕰 表示对过去事实相反的假设与结果
Imaginary past situations
if, had, would have, could have 📝 正式写作常用
📚 高中和大学考试重点
混合条件句 / Mixed Conditional
🌪📝📚🗣
If + past perfect, would + base verb (or vice versa) If I had studied harder, I would be at a better university now. 🔄 表示过去的情况对现在的结果造成影响
Mixed: Past cause + present result
if, had, would, could 📝 高阶语法点
📚 写作常考
🗣 假设与现实混合的情境较常见