TPO68 Task4
Task4
Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two ways people account for inappropriate behavior.
Listening
Generally, of course, we want other people to think well of us, we want others to see us as good people. As people who know how to behave appropriately. But being human, we all occasionally behaved inappropriately, do something we shouldn’t do. And when that happens, we often come up with explanations for our inappropriate behavior. So that others won’t think we are foolish or rude or irresponsible. Let’s look at a couple of different ways people explain or account for inappropriate behavior. One way to account for inappropriate behavior is to attribute it to something beyond our control, this type of explanation is called an excuse. With excuses, we acknowledged that our behavior with inappropriate, but claimed that we didn’t intend to behave that way, that our inappropriate behavior was due to events or circumstances beyond our control. As a professor, I hear excuses all the time, for example, when students arelate to class, a classic excuse is that they overslept, because their alarm clock didn’t go off. They didn’t mean to come to class late, but something beyond their control, went wrong with their alarm clock and that’s why they didn’t wake up on time and were late. Another way, we sometimes explain inappropriate behavior, so that others don’t think badly of us, is by utilizing what’s called a justification. When we use a justification, we explain that we intentionally did something that would normally be inappropriate, but that was okay this time because we had a good reason for behaving the way we did. I also often hear justifications, when students explain why they missed class, for example, they say they missed the class because they had a very important job interview at same time as the class. So, they chose to miss the class, but they justify itby explaining that they had to go to an important job interview.
| New Word | Pronunciation | Part of Speech | English Explanation | Chinese Explanation | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Account | ► | Verb | To give a reason or explanation for something; to provide an explanation for one's actions or behavior. | 解释。 | "When asked why he was late, he tried to account for his tardiness by mentioning the heavy traffic." |
| Acknowledge | ► | Verb | To accept or admit the existence or truth of something; to recognize or confirm. | 承认。 | "She had to acknowledge her mistake before she could move on from the situation." |
| Alarm | ► | Noun | A device that makes a loud sound or signal to warn someone of danger or to alert them to a specific time, such as waking them up. | 闹钟。 | "I set my alarm for 7 AM so I wouldn't oversleep for my morning class." |
| Attribute | ► | Verb | To regard something as being caused by someone or something; to assign a reason or cause to an action or event. | 归因于。 | "Many people attribute their success to hard work and perseverance." |
| Behave | ► | Verb | To act in a particular way, often in accordance with social norms or expectations. | 举止。 | "It's important to behave respectfully when you're in a formal setting." |
| Behavior | ► | Noun | The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others. | 行为。 | "Her behavior in class was disruptive, which led to a warning from the teacher." |
| Circumstance | ► | Noun | A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action; a situation. | 情况。 | "Under normal circumstances, I would have gone to the party, but I had other commitments." |
| Claim | ► | Verb | To assert or demand recognition of something as a fact; to state something as true. | 声称。 | "He claims that he was at the meeting, but there were no witnesses to confirm it." |
| Classic | ► | Adjective | Typical or standard; serving as a model or example of a certain type. | 经典的。 | "The classic excuse for being late is always that traffic was bad." |
| Control | ► | Noun | The power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events. | 控制。 | "She felt she had no control over the outcome of the situation." |
| Due | ► | Adjective | Caused by; attributable to something. | 由于。 | "Our late arrival was due to heavy traffic on the way." |
| Explanation | ► | Noun | A statement that makes something clear or understandable. | 解释。 | "Can you give me a better explanation for why you were late?" |
| Generally | ► | Adverb | In most cases; usually. | 通常。 | "Generally, I prefer coffee over tea in the morning." |
| Intend | ► | Verb | To have a plan or purpose in mind. | 打算。 | "I didn't intend to hurt your feelings; it was an accident." |
| Interview | ► | Noun | A formal meeting in which someone is asked questions to assess their suitability for a job or position. | 面试。 | "I have an interview for my dream job tomorrow." |
| Justification | ► | Noun | A reason or explanation that defends or justifies an action or decision. | 辩解。 | "Her justification for being late was that she had a flat tire." |
| Justify | ► | Verb | To show or prove to be right or reasonable. | 辩解。 | "He tried to justify his decision by saying it was the best option available." |
| Lecture | ► | Noun | An educational talk to an audience, especially students. | 讲座。 | "I took detailed notes during the lecture to help me study later." |
| Normally | ► | Adverb | Under usual or expected conditions; typically. | 通常。 | "I normally go for a run in the morning before work." |
| Occasionally | ► | Adverb | From time to time; not regularly. | 偶尔。 | "I occasionally treat myself to a nice dinner when I have a good week." |
| Okay | ► | Adjective | Acceptable or satisfactory in a particular situation, especially when something might usually be considered inappropriate or wrong. | 可以，合适。 | "It was okay for her to leave early since she had a family emergency." |
class2026修改文稿点这里
Wesley
So So, people always generally want an ad there others to think they are very good. So when good individuals. When they do something they shouldn't do, shouldn’t, they will have the explanation for that often come up with explanations to prevent them from avoid being thought very seen as foolish. And they have There are two main ways people are coming account for that. their inappropriate behavior. The first is named excuse that make have some called an excuse, where they provide a reason that showing shows the things is situation was beyond their control. Like when For example, if a student is late for class to class, they might say their alarm clock didn’t work, which made them wake up late. The second way is called justification, where they explain to the professor that his clock did not work. So he get up late. And second is name justification that they have the had a good reason. So the example reason for their behavior. For instance, a student might say they may explain that is missed class because they had a very important job interview so at the same time. This way, they cannot go to class.justify their absence by emphasizing the importance of the interview.
George
The professor talked about how people account for their inappropriate behavior. behavior in two main ways. First, people would often attribute it their behavior to the factors that out of our are beyond our control, their control and make excuse excuses for some hard circumstance. difficult circumstances. For example, if the students a student is late for the to class, they can attribute might say it to some factor that that student can control and attribute it to their wake up late. was because they overslept, which is something they couldn't control. Second, people would make some adjustments for use justifications to explain their inappropriate behavior. They will try to make their behavior actions seem reasonable. For example, students can instance, a student might say they have missed class because they had a very important interview. So, job interview at the same time. In this case, they late for the are justifying their choice to skip class.
Richard
The lecture were talked about two ways that people use to make excuses for their inappropriate behavior to make others create a good impression on themselves. impression. One specific way is to explain the circumstances beyond their control. For example, students who is are late for class, class might say they explain overslept because their overstep because the alarm didn't work well. The go off. This situation is not in their control. Another The second way is called justification, where people explain that they did something inappropriate intentionally but had a good reason for it. For instance, a student might miss class because they had a very important job interview at the justification that people are explaining same time. They justify their choice by saying that they are doing intentionally, for example, the job interview students choose to instead ofwas a priority.
Kevin
The never-fraised-fraited behaviour is, we We all always want all the people to see us as good people, individuals, so when we make mistakes, we think of some often come up with explanations. The first way to explain inappropriate behavior is called, excuse that called an excuse, which is when we explain attribute our actions to something that is beyond our control. Like, for For example, if a student laid is late to the class, and he explained, they might say it’s because he obviously, because his their alarm clock didn't work, something like that, the things beyond didn’t go off. They didn’t mean to be late; it was just an unfortunate circumstance. The second way we explain our control. And the second is, just vacation, behavior is through justification. This is when we acknowledge that we have some did something inappropriate but believe we had a good reasons to explain, like reason for it. For instance, if a student laid to the class, and he explained, misses class because he had a very they have an important job interview at the same time, so he they might justify their absence by saying that the interview was a priority. In this case, they chose to go to the interview, but now I go to the interview instead of attending class.
Zao
From the psychology lecture, we know that people really want others to other think way well of us, but us. However, when we do something inappropriate, we shouldn't do, we will have some explanation often come up with explanations for our inappropriate behaviors, and there behavior. There are two main ways people can't follow the account for their inappropriate behaviors. actions. The first is the attributes. Just like people will find some excuse by making excuses. For example, if a student is late to explain their behaviors and the professor give an example is that if students late, class, they will might say they are over-sliped, and they will find other reasons overslept because their alarm clock didn’t go off. This excuse suggests that is clock didn't get off. So the excuse stands their lateness was due to think circumstances beyond their control, and secondly control. The second way is other through justifications. Also, For instance, if the students miss a student misses a class, they will say might explain that they will attend had an important job interview. So, there is a lot interview at the same time. They justify their absence by emphasizing the significance of other people choosing the interview, making it seem acceptable to do.miss class.
Steven
Come here, people hope that People want others to think we are good people and we just well of them, so when they do something we should do and sometimes we make explanation that don't let others think we are inappropriate, they often come up with explanations to avoid being seen as foolish or rude and the rude. The first one way to explain inappropriate behavior is excuse through an excuse, which is when we say that something behind beyond our control the professor gave caused our actions. For example, professors often hear students say they were late to class because their alarm clock didn't go off. They didn't mean to be late; it was just an example as unfortunate circumstance. The second way to explain inappropriate behavior is through justification. This is when we acknowledge that our actions were inappropriate but argue that we had a professor some student late for the class and they have a choice that they said they slept for a long time and they forgot to go to the class room and the second one is justification people make good reason for example, doing them. For instance, students expand why they missed the might miss class and the reason is because they have an important job interview so they choose at the same time. They justify their absence by explaining that the opportunity was too important to miss the classpass up.
Cicily
He is a lectures is mentioned to In the idea of the imposure 8 and the first way for the people accounts for the importance of the behavior is the beyond the control and the theory is the example of lecture, the professor professor, how to help the cause, but he forget to bring his computer snap that this is important to the behavior to make the discussed two ways people account for them. As inappropriate behavior. The first way is through excuses, where individuals attribute their actions to circumstances beyond their control. For example, if a student is late to class, they might say they overslept because their alarm didn't go off. They acknowledge their behavior was inappropriate but claim it was unintentional due to the second, these are excuse situation. The second way is justifications, where people explain that their inappropriate behavior was acceptable because they had a good reason. For instance, a student might miss class for an important job interview and justify their absence by saying that the vacation, just vacation, interview was a priority. Both excuses and we should have the good rating to make othersjustifications help people manage how others perceive their actions.
Leon
We all want you all to be seen as good people, but sometimes we behave inappropriately. When that happens, we often come up with explanations so others don’t think we’re foolish. There are two main ways we do this. First, we use excuses. For example, if a student is late to class, they might say as their alarm didn’t go off. This shows they didn’t mean to be late; it was something out of their control. Second, we use justifications. This is when we explain that we intentionally did something inappropriate, but we had a good person reason. For instance, a student might miss class because they had a job interview at the same time, and sometimes we shouldn't do and we will give some explanation that don't let somebody feel as a foolishness. So this will cause they justify it by saying the inappropriate behaviors and here are two kinds of behaviors. First it's about we gave the excuse and the excuse course like the student gave the reason why they're late and so the professor may just understand it and second is about the just fake. If the student made some certain kind of things so they will explain why they do this and tell them to the professor.interview was very important.
Tina
In the last year, the professor talked about when he how people sometimes he was missing in property through something. They have some foolish explanations in many ways. First, make excuses for their inappropriate behavior. One way they will contribute do this is by attributing their actions to something beyond or control them. Many students like to have an excuse. It is not in turn to be that way. It is such a being culture. their control. For example, when many students say they are late to class, class because their alarm didn't go off, which is an excuse that suggests they will say didn't mean to be late. The second way people account for inappropriate behavior is through justifications. This means they explain their actions by saying they had a good reason for behaving that they are not long or they don't know it's time to go to school. And secondly, that justification. This intention is sound like more properly way. For instance, students might miss class because they are good-readers. I also, for example, when students meet the class, they will say that they have an important job interview at the set time.same time, and they justify their absence by emphasizing the significance of the interview.
Andy
When people do some inappropriate behavior, you already people will just behave inappropriately, others might think that they are foolish and they are just or not really very smart. However, sometimes people will just often explain this behavior, that their behavior to make it doesn't seem to impropriate. less inappropriate. The first point way is that if by attributing their actions to something is beyond their control, then people will think that it is appropriate behavior. control. For example, the professor that has if a student just a date, belating the class, is late to class because their alarm clock is starting to ring. So that happens that beyond the didn't go off, they can say it was out of their control. The second point way is through justifications, where they explain that they had a good reason for their behavior. For instance, a student might miss class because they had an important job interview at the same time, and they justify it adds just vacation, because there is some reason to do by saying that the no-morsing. For example, the student needs to go to the job so that he is...interview was necessary.
Joe
The inner preparation People often account for inappropriate behavior is the behavior that they use. They use some excuse to get some, for some reasons. in two main ways: by using excuses and justifications. For example, when students are late to class, they might say their alarm clock didn't go off. This is an excuse, as they acknowledge their behavior was inappropriate but claim it was beyond their control. Another way is through justifications. For instance, some students miss class because they have an important job interview at the professor discuss an example of same time. They justify their class. She often hears some excuse, because from absence by explaining that attending the students, they often say that interview was necessary for their clocks are broken, so they can't wake up. Also, they use justifications. They have very important meetings, so they choose to attend this class.future.
Karl
The lecture, the professor saying lecture explains that people have two ways to explain what account for their appropriate behavior is. inappropriate behavior. The first way is to attribute something beyond control that calls excuse. It means due it to something beyond their control, so which is called an excuse. This means that they do this behavior. The acknowledge their behavior was inappropriate but claim it was due to circumstances they couldn't control. For example, the professor giving an example of mentioned students who relate are late to the lecture. The students said class because their alarm did didn't go wrong. off. They didn’t mean to be late; something beyond their control caused it. The second way is attribute adjustification. It through justification. This means that students intentionally do this behavior, something that is normally inappropriate but believe it's acceptable because they have another more important thing, such that at this time, a good reason. For instance, when students meet the lectures, they have more miss class for an important job interview happening at the same time.time, they justify their absence by stating that the interview was more important.
Carol
The either lecture In the lecture, we talked about that, the how people are currently in the apportion behavior, that people have some behavior that account for inappropriate behavior. One way is in poverty, they do something not to do, like do something in the flesh, slash, and one of them is that, beyond control, it by using excuses. This means that do when someone does something that inappropriate, they might say it was beyond their control. For example, if a student is clues or excuse late to do something, do something not to encode enough, I'll have an example of that, a lost class, the professor, have a class, the people we call late, on the second example, and the second one is that, they have a distract, this text, a faction, and this means that, they have an example of that, the professor asks students why they come to school, why they come to this class, they might say their alarm didn't go off, which is an excuse because they have another didn't intend to be late. Another way people explain their behavior is through justifications. This happens when someone admits they did something inappropriate but believes it was okay because they had a good reason. For instance, a student might miss class because they had an important job interview at the same time, so time. They justify their absence by explaining that means that's it.the interview was more important.
Eric
In the last thing, we know that general, people or ones that want others to have a positive comment for themselves. If view of them, especially when they have to do some improper scenes, they will have some behave inappropriately. They often find ways to explain their actions to avoid that the people have a negative comment for them. judgments. The first way is a excuse. through excuses. For example, if a student leads the is late to class, maybe he will they might say it was because they are not listening to the noises. And for the couldn't hear their alarm clock. The second way is as an adjective with catations. So it means, through justifications. For instance, if a student misses class, they might explain that they had a job interview at the same time, which they felt was a valid reason for example, if the students are not coming for this class, he will say they have job interviews.missing class.
Joyce
In the lecture, the professor explains two ways that people account for appropriate inappropriate behavior. The first way is to attribute their actions to something beyond. beyond their control. For instance, the students are afraid might say they were late to do the class because they overslept, and actually they don't didn't mean to that but be late; they maybe give some reason why they didn't wake up might blame it on the time. their alarm clock not going off. The second way is through justifications. For example, if a jacked-to-fication. Like if the students just missed the class and he or she will student misses class, they might explain that there's an important job in there and they had an important job interview at the same time. That's why they missed time as the class because class. They justify their absence by saying that the job interview is was more important than the classes.attending class.
Michael
In the lecture, the professor gave us two examples to explain explained two ways people account for inappropriate behaviors. behavior. The first way is that by attributing their actions to something beyond the people's their control, that's they may make the inappropriate behavior. which we call an excuse. For example, if a student comes arrives late to classroom late and class, they might say it was because their alarm didn't go off. They didn't intend to be late; it was just an unfortunate circumstance. The second way is through justifications, where people explain that they intentionally did something inappropriate but had a good reason for it. For instance, if a student misses class because they have an important job interview at the reasons is not caused same time, they might justify their absence by saying that the interview was crucial for their own, future. So, these are caused by the alarm's not work, so get updates. It's a professor who forgives him. And the second account for inappropriate behavior is that people have another important project or sense they need to do. Also, in the students come late in the classrooms. If the students have another important project, they must do it in this day. So they can't forgive to come late in the classrooms. And the professor will forgive them. So there's two ways people account for their inappropriate behavior.
Alice
In the lecture, the professor explained two ways people account for inappropriate behavior. The first way is that by making excuses, where people try to explain their behavior by saying it was out of their control. For example, a student might say they were late to class because their alarm clock didn’t go off, implying they didn’t mean to be on late. The second way is through justifications, where people provide reasons for their actions that make them seem acceptable. For instance, a student might miss class because they had an important job interview at the control the ex-cuse, they find some excuse same time, and they don't want other people to think badly of themselves. And also, they beyond justify their absence by saying that the day can control this. And also, secondly, they use the justified justification. They have good reasons and the behavior they try to date. For example, like some students, they just missed class and they will justify that they have more important jobs so that they miss the class. So this is interview was necessary. So, these are the two way ways the professor mentioned it.mentioned: excuses and justifications.
Selina
The professor gives to behaviors to explain that the explains two ways people become more foolish and inappropriate. account for their inappropriate behavior. The first behavior way is excuse. through excuses. When the people become inappropriate, behave inappropriately, they have the best might say it was beyond our their control. There is an For example, if the a student laid the is late to class, they might say they overslept because their alarm didn't go off. They didn't mean to be late; it was just something that went wrong. The second way is through justifications. This is when someone explains that their behavior, even if it seems inappropriate, was okay this time because they wrong. And they missed alarm, so they went to the classroom and laid the class. The second example, the second behavior is the justification, which the people had a good reason. For instance, a student might think is normally and it is okay this time, miss class because they have the good reason to solve this problem. The professor gives had an example about if the teacher thinks why the student missed the class. Maybe the student will answer that they have the important job and this thing it is okay to miss interview at the same time. They justify their class.absence by saying that the job interview was necessary.
Claire
This topic is about how people explain their inappropriate behavior, especially in a literature about the psychological school setting. First, one way people explain their actions is by saying that people have some behavior and something beyond their control happened. For example, if a student groups, so is late because they need to explain the problems while this happens. And first, you have the first thing you need to think about the experience beyond these actual things. overslept, they might say their alarm didn’t go off. They can control about this. So acknowledge that being late is inappropriate, but they just give us an example about it. They can, they must speak when they are over sleep, so the parents need to be on claim it wasn’t their floor so they can control the ones on their bed. So this is the first. fault. The second way people explain their behavior is the gestivation, the patient. This is okay for these things. And also, keep asking them all about the through justifications. For instance, a student missing class. So might miss class because they just need to have the most an important job in interview at the same time. So they don't go up, so they just want to do it.They justify their choice by explaining that the interview was necessary, even though it meant missing class.
Tom
The queue waits for people People often try to explain their inappropriate behavior to avoid looking foolish. One way they do this is by making excuses. For example, if a student is late to class, they might say it was because their alarm didn't go off. This shows that they didn't intend to be late, and it was something beyond their control. Another way people explain their behavior is through justifications. This means they acknowledge that what they do that is improperly and did was inappropriate but believe it is foolish. Firstly, people will attribute these events beyond control that makes such was acceptable in their situation. For instance, a excuse. For example, the excuse that is due to the circumstance, for example, the students is made. So, student might miss class because they will have had a excuse that they have a lawyer's parking in the wrong. That is beyond for his control. As a second, people will give the certification. That is, maybe it's normal and it's okay. And this reason is okay, for example. If students missed the course, they may have the reason that they have an important job interview at the same time. To time, and they justify these reasons that have seen times this by saying it was an important jobs, just instead of this.opportunity. Both excuses and justifications help people explain their actions to others.
Mike
According to the lecture, some people will often explain their bad behaviors in order to avoid some people to have some negative expression to ask prevent others from thinking negatively about them. And here There are two main methods they use for them to explain. this. The first strategy method is called an excuse, which means that when a situation something is out of their control, they will find the excuse a reason to explain. They will say do not intend to do it, but situation happens. explain their behavior. For example, some people are if someone is late, so they will find excuse that might say their alarm clock do not didn't go off, which means explains why they will come late. So arrived late to class. The second method is called justification. In this case, people acknowledge that they are late for the class. Secondly, it's called justification, which means when did something inappropriate but explain that it was acceptable because the situation is not like the normal situation, some people will not do as they are intended. was unusual. For example, some people will instance, a student might miss the class because they have had a very important job interview.interview at the same time, and they justify their absence by saying that the interview was a priority.
Isaiah
In the lecture, the professor mentioned that people always found often find explanations to for their improper inappropriate behavior. And the professor claims the He talked about two types of the explanation. explanations. The first type is called the X-Cue. It an excuse, which means that something is beyond true people's a person's control. So, like the professor used the students' examples. Some students, For example, when students' students are late, they always said the might say their alarm clock didn't work. So, didn’t go off, which is why they overslapped. And the overslept. The second type is the called a justification. People This is when people intentionally do something inappropriate but believe it’s okay because they have a good reason. For instance, students might miss class because they have an important job interview at the things. But this is okay. same time. They have practical reasons. Because, like justify their absence by saying that attending the Miss class.interview was necessary.
Mason
If In this lecture, the professor is talking talks about two methods people use to respond to your inappropriate behavior. And so the The first way is, excuse, the method is called an excuse. An excuse means there's that there is something beyond or controlled due to our control that caused the behavior, like certain circumstances. And For instance, the professor gave us a common example about the where a student is late to class because their alarm didn't always lay too close to the alarm because the alarm clock didn't go off. And it's This is a reasonable reason explanation for the professor. And the being late. The second method is a justification. So the In this case, students intentionally make the wrong a decision because that might be seen as wrong, but they have a good reason. reason for it. For example, they didn't come to a student might miss class because they have a job interview at the same time. So it This justifies the reason why he came late.their absence.
Jason
In the lecture, the professor says that in common situation the person long talks about how people want to think will thus so will behave appropriately be seen as behaving appropriately, and we will when they act inappropriately, they often come of some explanation to attributes to the reason why I do this things. up with explanations. The first way to explain inappropriate behavior is its cues. It through excuses. For example, students might say they are late to class because their alarm clock didn't go off. They acknowledge that being late is advanced in certain sense just like the students get late for classes. There are some situations not ideal, but they claim it was beyond alarm clock. So the students will say very politely to the students. And the their control. The second way is a justification. It justifications. This is when someone explains that their inappropriate action was okay to say some good reasons just like the students says he because they had a very good reason. For instance, a student might say they missed class because they had an important job so he had to go for interview at the job that's ways out.same time. They justify their choice by emphasizing the importance of the interview.
Raymond
In the lecture, the professor introduced us in appropriate talked about inappropriate behavior that and how people always want other CS to be seen as good people. People always make mistakes so that individuals. Everyone makes mistakes, and when they will do, they try to appropriate behavior. Otherwise, other way of seeing that explain their behavior so others don’t think they are foolish or fool. foolish. The first example way people account for their inappropriate behavior is about, excuse through excuses. For example, when students are late to class, they often say it’s because their alarm didn’t go off, suggesting that people always say there are something it was beyond their control control. The second way is through justifications. This is when people explain that the example is about a student's late-floor class and they will always say their alarm do not work but not their own mistakes. And the second example is about justification that people will say it's okay for inappropriate behavior was acceptable this time because they will have had a good subjects. The example is about students who reason. For instance, a student might say they are late missed class by not because they had an important job interview at the same time. They justify their absence by saying that the interview was a valid reason to miss class.
Lauren
The professor used explained two ways to illustrate how people use some ways to account for inappropriate behaviors. behavior. The first way is to give some special cues for the person, why there is some un-countrued happens. by using excuses. For example, if one a student played for class and he explained for is late to class, they might say their alarm clock broke, which makes the professor that his clock get break and that's why he overslept and his professor will feel better. And secondly, it's adjusting of vacations. more understanding. The first second way for example, is through justifications. For instance, if there are students meet the a student misses class and he told the professor that he has because they had a very important job, must to do during job interview at the class. So he meets same time, they can explain that they had a good reason for missing it. This helps the class.professor see that the student made a choice based on their situation.
Meredith
The lecture is talking about discusses two ways that people are examined account for the improper behavior and inappropriate behavior. The first wise, well, the excuse. way is through excuses. When people have something out of their control on them, happen on them. And they didn't intend to make mistakes. They will use the excuse. And the examiner is about the professor who has a student which is a slave-fork class. And he explains happens that because he's almost broken and everything is out of his a person's control, they might use an excuse. For example, if a student is late to class, they might say it’s because their alarm didn’t go off. They didn’t intend to be late; it was just something beyond their control. And The second wise, about the justification. It way is through justifications. This means that people may do this mistake for some something inappropriate but feel they have a good reason to do that. And for it. For instance, a student might miss class because they have an important job interview at the same example, some students are a mis-search class. And he will give a reason about it because he has a very important job interview. And he thinks time. They justify their choice by saying that this the interview was more important than the class. So he chose to...attending class.