| budget |
The allocated amount of money for a project |
预算 |
The team had to work within a tight budget for the building project. |
| constraints |
Limitations or restrictions |
约束 |
The engineers faced several constraints, including time and resources. |
| face |
Confront or deal with a situation |
面对 |
Engineers often face unexpected challenges during construction. |
| go on |
Continue speaking or doing something |
继续 |
The professor encouraged the student to go on with his explanation. |
| heat |
High temperature, especially as it affects surroundings |
热 |
The heat in the desert impacts the material choice for buildings. |
| affect |
To have an influence on or make a change in |
影响 |
Weather conditions can significantly affect the design of a structure. |
| figure out |
Solve a problem or understand something |
弄清楚 |
The engineers had to figure out how to build the bridge in harsh conditions. |
| deal with |
To take action to solve a problem |
处理 |
Engineers need to deal with environmental and budgetary challenges. |
| winding |
Twisting and turning |
蜿蜒 |
The winding bridge spans a wide river. |
| spanning |
Extending across something |
横跨 |
The bridge is spanning a width of 8 miles. |
| body |
A large and distinct unit of something |
体 |
The bridge crosses a large body of water. |
| strait |
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or large areas of water |
海峡 |
The Northumberland Strait has harsh weather conditions. |
| harshest |
Most severe or extreme in nature |
最严酷的 |
The harshest weather conditions challenge the bridge’s design. |
| ferry |
A boat that regularly carries passengers and vehicles across an area of water |
渡轮 |
Before the bridge, people used a ferry to cross the strait. |
| long lines |
Extended queues of people or vehicles |
长队 |
There were always long lines waiting for the ferry. |
| ride |
A journey made on a vehicle or mode of transportation |
乘坐 |
The ferry ride across the strait was often delayed by bad weather. |
| schedule |
A plan for carrying out a process or procedure, listing the times when specific tasks should be performed |
时间表 |
The ferry’s schedule was unreliable due to weather conditions. |
| and all |
Used for emphasizing everything or everyone in a particular group |
等等 |
They had to consider the cold, the ice, the wind, and all in their design. |
| stretch |
An extended area or length of something |
一段 |
The bridge covers a long stretch of freezing water. |
| masses |
Large quantities or amounts |
大量 |
Huge masses of ice float down the strait in winter. |
| supported |
Held up or carried |
支撑 |
The bridge is supported by specially designed piers. |
| pier |
A structure used to support a bridge or dock |
码头 |
The piers of the bridge had to withstand ice impact. |
| span |
The full extent of something |
跨度 |
The span of the bridge is impressive. |
| column |
A vertical structure used to support a building or structure |
柱子 |
The bridge’s piers are like large columns in the water. |
| cylinder |
A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval cross section |
圆柱 |
The piers had a cylinder shape to withstand the ice. |
| compress |
Squeeze or press together |
压缩 |
The ice sheets compress against the bridge piers in winter. |
| ice chunks |
Large pieces of frozen water |
冰块 |
The ice chunks can cause damage to the bridge structure. |
| form |
To come into existence or take shape |
形成 |
Ice chunks form when large sheets of ice break up. |
| block |
To obstruct or impede |
阻塞 |
The ice can block the passage under the bridge. |
| passage |
A way through something |
通道 |
The passage under the bridge is crucial for ship navigation. |
| analyze |
Examine in detail to understand their nature or to determine their essential features |
分析 |
Engineers analyze environmental factors before building. |
| come up with |
To think of or suggest an idea or plan |
提出 |
The engineers came up with a unique design for the bridge. |
| comes into play |
Becomes important or relevant |
发挥作用 |
Innovation comes into play in solving complex engineering challenges. |
| shields |
Protective devices or structures |
盾牌 |
The engineers designed shields for the bridge piers. |
| inverted |
Turned upside down or inside out |
倒置的 |
The inverted cone shape was key to the pier design. |
| critical |
Extremely important or essential |
关键的 |
The pier design was critical to the bridge’s success. |
| in contact with |
Touching or meeting |
接触 |
The base of the pier is in contact with the water and ice. |
| close up |
A detailed view or photograph |
特写 |
A close up of the pier base shows the unique design. |
| approaches |
Moves towards or near to something |
接近 |
As the ice approaches, it slides up the sloping base. |
| horizontal |
Parallel to the ground or to the bottom or top edge of something |
水平的 |
The ice moves from a horizontal direction to an upward angle. |
| diagonal |
A line connecting two opposite corners of a shape |
对角线 |
The engineer designed the bridge with diagonal support beams for extra stability. |
| build up |
To gradually accumulate or increase |
积累 |
Over time, there was a significant build up of ice around the bridge’s supports. |
| unobstructed |
Free from obstacles or blockages |
无阻碍的 |
The bridge offered an unobstructed view of the surrounding landscape. |
| wind tunnel |
A tunnel-like structure for testing the effects of air movement |
风洞 |
The design of the bridge was tested in a wind tunnel to ensure its stability. |