ESL
托福口语所需要的能力
Task 1
万能理由框架：
- Money
- Time
- Convenience
- Friendship/ Social / Relationship
- Relax/ Stress
- Health
- Knowledge
- Experience
- Sense of Achievement
- Environment
Task 1 答题结构
- opinion
- reason 1
- development
- development
- reason 2
- development
- development
- conclusion (if there’s time)
Task 2
Task 2 答题结构
- The proposal
- The two reasons/details of the proposal
- The Speaker’s opinion
- The first reason from the speaker and its supporting information
- The second reason from the speaker and its suporting information
- Conslusion
Task 3
Task 3 答题结构
- The academic term
- The definition
- The example (specific information from the lecture that can explain the definition)
- Conclusion
Task 4
Task 4 答题结构
- The topic
- The first aspect
- The example (specific information that can explain the topic & aspect)
- The second aspect
- The example (specific information that can explain the topic & aspect)
- Conclusion
评分标准
点击箭头展开独立口语评分标准
| SCORE 分数 |
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 一般描述 |
DELIVERY 语言表达 |
LANGUAGE USE 语言使用 |
TOPIC DEVELOPMENT 主题发展 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse. A response at this level is characterized by all of the following: 回答满足任务的要求，最多只有微小的完整性缺失。回答的可理解性非常高，表现出持续的、连贯的话语。这个级别的回答具有以下所有特征： |
Generally well-paced flow (fluid expression). Speech is clear. It may include minor lapses, or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation patterns, which do not affect overall intelligibility. 总体上节奏良好（流畅的表达）。语言清晰。可能包括小的疏漏，或者发音或语调模式的小困难，但不影响整体的可理解性。 |
The response demonstrates effective use of grammar and vocabulary. It exhibits a fairly high degree of automaticity with good control of basic and complex structures (as appropriate). Some minor (or systematic) errors are noticeable but do not obscure meaning. 回答显示出了有效的语法和词汇使用。它展示出相当高度的自动化，良好地控制了基本和复杂的结构（适当时）。一些小的（或系统性的）错误是可见的，但并不会模糊意义。 |
Response is sustained and sufficient to the task. It is generally well developed and coherent; relationships between ideas are clear (or there is a clear progression of ideas). 回答是持久且足够的。它通常是发展良好和连贯的；思想之间的关系是清晰的（或者有明确的思想发展）。 |
| 3 | The response addresses the task appropriately but may fall short of being fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression, though it exhibits some noticeable lapses in the expression of ideas. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答适当地处理了任务，但可能没有完全发展。它通常是可以理解和连贯的，有一些表达的流畅性，尽管在表达想法时表现出一些明显的疏漏。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Speech is generally clear, with some fluidity of expression, though minor difficulties with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing are noticeable and may require listener effort at times (though overall intelligibility is not significantly affected). 语言通常是清晰的，有一些表达的流畅性，尽管发音、语调或节奏的小困难是可以注意到的，并且有时可能需要听者的努力（尽管总体的可理解性并未显著受到影响）。 |
The response demonstrates fairly automatic and effective use of grammar and vocabulary, and fairly coherent expression of relevant ideas. Response may exhibit some imprecise or inaccurate use of vocabulary or grammatical structures or be somewhat limited in the range of structures used. This may affect overall fluency, but it does not seriously interfere with the communication of the message. 回答显示出相当自动和有效的语法和词汇使用，以及相关想法的相当连贯的表达。回答可能表现出一些词汇或语法结构的不准确或错误的使用，或者在使用的结构范围上有些限制。这可能会影响整体的流利度，但不会严重干扰信息的传递。 |
Response is mostly coherent and sustained and conveys relevant ideas/information. Overall development is somewhat limited, usually lacks elaboration or specificity. Relationships between ideas may at times not be immediately clear. 回答大多是连贯和持久的，传达了相关的想法/信息。整体发展有些限制，通常缺乏详细或具体。思想之间的关系有时可能不是立即明显的。 |
| 2 | The response addresses the task, but development of the topic is limited. It contains intelligible speech, although problems with delivery and/ or overall coherence occur; meaning may be obscured in places. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答处理了任务，但主题的发展有限。它包含可理解的语言，尽管交付和/或整体连贯性出现问题；意义可能在某些地方被模糊。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Speech is basically intelligible, though listener effort is needed because of unclear articulation, awkward intonation, or choppy rhythm/pace; meaning may be obscured in places. 语言基本上是可以理解的，尽管由于不清楚的发音，尴尬的语调，或者断断续续的节奏/速度，需要听者的努力；意义可能在某些地方被模糊。 |
The response demonstrates limited range and control of grammar and vocabulary. These limitations often prevent full expression of ideas. For the most part, only basic sentence structures are used successfully and spoken with fluidity. Structures and vocabulary may express mainly simple (short) and/or general propositions, with simple or unclear connections made among them (serial listing, conjunction, juxtaposition). 回答显示了有限的语法和词汇的范围和控制。这些限制经常阻止思想的完全表达。在大多数情况下，只有基本的句子结构被成功地使用并流畅地讲述。结构和词汇可能主要表达简单（短）和/或一般的命题，它们之间的连接是简单或不明确的（系列列表，连接词，并列）。 |
The response is connected to the task, though the number of ideas presented or the development of ideas is limited. Mostly basic ideas are expressed with limited elaboration (details and support). At times relevant substance may be vaguely expressed or repetitious. Connections of ideas may be unclear. 回答与任务有关，尽管呈现的想法数量或想法的发展有限。大部分基本的想法被表达出来，但详细和支持有限。有时，相关的内容可能被含糊地表达或重复。思想的连接可能不清楚。 |
| 1 | The response is very limited in content and/or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task, or speech is largely unintelligible. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答在内容和/或连贯性上非常有限，或者与任务只有最小的连接，或者语言大部分是无法理解的。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Consistent pronunciation, stress and intonation difficulties cause considerable listener effort; delivery is choppy, fragmented, or telegraphic; frequent pauses and hesitations. 一致的发音，压力和语调困难导致听者付出大量的努力；交付是断断续续的，破碎的，或者电报式的；经常有暂停和犹豫。 |
Range and control of grammar and vocabulary severely limit or prevent expression of ideas and connections among ideas. Some low-level responses may rely heavily on practiced or formulaic expressions. 语法和词汇的范围和控制严重限制或防止了想法和思想之间联系的表达。一些低级的回答可能严重依赖于练习过的或公式化的表达。 |
Limited relevant content is expressed. The response generally lacks substance beyond expression of very basic ideas. Speaker may be unable to sustain speech to complete the task and may rely heavily on repetition of the prompt. 表达了有限的相关内容。回答通常缺乏除了表达非常基本的想法之外的实质内容。说话者可能无法维持语言完成任务，可能严重依赖于重复提示。 |
| 0 | Speaker makes no attempt to respond OR response is unrelated to the topic. 说话者没有尝试回答或回答与主题无关。 |
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点击箭头展开综合口语评分标准
| SCORE 分数 |
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 一般描述 |
DELIVERY 语言表达 |
LANGUAGE USE 语言使用 |
TOPIC DEVELOPMENT 主题发展 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse. A response at this level is characterized by all of the following: 回答满足任务的要求，完整性上最多只有小的疏漏。它高度易于理解，并展示了持续的、连贯的话语。这个级别的回答具有以下所有特征： |
Speech is generally clear, fluid and sustained. It may include minor lapses or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation. Pace may vary at times as the speaker attempts to recall information. Overall intelligibility remains high. 话语通常清晰、流畅并且持续。可能包括小的失误或发音或者语调的小困难。当发言人试图回忆信息时，语速可能有时会变化。整体的可理解性仍然很高。 |
The response demonstrates good control of basic and complex grammatical structures that allow for coherent, efficient (automatic) expression of relevant ideas. Contains generally effective word choice. Though some minor (or systematic) errors or imprecise use may be noticeable, they do not require listener effort (or obscure meaning). 回答显示了对基础和复杂语法结构的良好控制，这使得相关想法的连贯、有效（自动）表达成为可能。包含一般有效的单词选择。尽管可能会注意到一些小的（或系统性的）错误或使用不精确，但它们不需要听者的努力（或模糊意义）。 |
The response presents a clear progression of ideas and conveys the relevant information required by the task. It includes appropriate detail, though it may have minor errors or minor omissions. 回答提出了清晰的想法发展，并传达了任务所需的相关信息。它包含适当的细节，尽管可能有少量错误或遗漏。 |
| 3 | The response addresses the task appropriately, but may fall short of being fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression, though it exhibits some noticeable lapses in the expression of ideas. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答适当地处理了任务，但可能没有完全发展。它通常是可以理解的和连贯的，具有一些流畅的表达，尽管在表达想法时表现出一些明显的疏漏。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Speech is generally clear, with some fluidity of expression, but it exhibits minor difficulties with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing and may require some listener effort at times. Overall intelligibility remains good, however. 话语通常清晰，表达有些流畅，但显示出发音、语调或语速的小困难，有时可能需要听者做出一些努力。然而，整体的可理解性仍然良好。 |
The response demonstrates fairly automatic and effective use of grammar and vocabulary, and fairly coherent expression of relevant ideas. Response may exhibit some imprecise or inaccurate use of vocabulary or grammatical structures or be somewhat limited in the range of structures used. Such limitations do not seriously interfere with the communication of the message. 回答表现出相当自动和有效的语法和词汇使用，以及相关想法的相当连贯表达。回答可能表现出一些词汇或语法结构的使用不精确或不准确，或在使用的结构范围上有些限制。这种限制不会严重干扰信息的沟通。 |
The response is sustained and conveys relevant information required by the task. However, it exhibits some incompleteness, inaccuracy, lack of specificity with respect to content, or choppiness in the progression of ideas. 回答是持续的，并传达任务所需的相关信息。然而，它表现出一些内容的不完整、不准确、不具体或者想法发展的不连贯。 |
| 2 | The response is connected to the task, though it may be missing some relevant information or contain inaccuracies. It contains some intelligible speech, but at times problems with intelligibility and/or overall coherence may obscure meaning. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答与任务有关，尽管可能缺少一些相关信息或包含不准确的信息。它包含一些可以理解的话语，但有时可理解性和/或整体连贯性的问题可能会模糊意义。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Speech is clear at times, though it exhibits problems with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing and so may require significant listener effort. Speech may not be sustained at a consistent level throughout. Problems with intelligibility may obscure meaning in places (but not throughout). 话语有时清晰，尽管显示出发音、语调或语速的问题，因此可能需要听者做出大量努力。话语可能无法在整个过程中保持一致的水平。可理解性的问题可能在某些地方（但不是在所有地方）模糊意义。 |
The response is limited in the range and control of vocabulary and grammar demonstrated (some complex structures may be used, but typically contain errors). This results in limited or vague expression of relevant ideas and imprecise or inaccurate connections. Automaticity of expression may only be evident at the phrasal level. 回答在显示的词汇和语法的范围和控制上是有限的（可能使用一些复杂的结构，但通常包含错误）。这导致相关想法的表达有限或模糊，以及不精确或不准确的连接。表达的自动化可能只在短语层面上明显。 |
The response conveys some relevant information but is clearly incomplete or inaccurate. It is incomplete if it omits key ideas, makes vague reference to key ideas, or demonstrates limited development of important information. An inaccurate response demonstrates misunderstanding of key ideas from the stimulus. Typically, ideas expressed may not be well-connected or cohesive so that familiarity with the stimulus is necessary to follow what is being discussed. 回答传达了一些相关信息，但显然是不完整或不准确的。如果它省略了关键想法，对关键想法做出了模糊的引用，或者展示了重要信息的有限发展，那么它就是不完整的。不准确的回答表明了对刺激中的关键想法的误解。通常，表达的想法可能并未很好地连接或连贯，因此需要熟悉刺激才能跟踪正在讨论的内容。 |
| 1 | The response is very limited in content or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task. Speech may be largely unintelligible. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答在内容或连贯性上非常有限，或者只是最小程度地与任务相关。话语可能大部分都无法理解。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Consistent pronunciation and intonation problems cause considerable listener effort and frequently obscure meaning. Delivery is choppy, fragmented, or telegraphic. Speech contains frequent pauses and hesitations. 持续的发音和语调问题导致听者需要付出大量的努力，并经常使意义模糊。表达方式是断断续续的，碎片化的，或者像电报一样简短。话语包含频繁的停顿和犹豫。 |
Range and control of grammar and vocabulary severely limit (or prevent) expression of ideas and connections among ideas. Some very low-level responses may rely on isolated words or short utterances to communicate ideas. 语法和词汇的范围和控制严重限制（或阻止）想法的表达和想法之间的联系。一些非常低级的回答可能依赖于孤立的单词或短语来交流想法。 |
The response fails to provide much relevant content. Ideas that are expressed are often inaccurate, limited to vague utterances, or repetitions (including repetition of prompt). 回答未能提供很多相关内容。表达的想法通常是不准确的，限于模糊的表达，或者重复（包括提示的重复）。 |
| 0 | Speaker makes no attempt to respond OR response is unrelated to the topic. 发言人没有试图回答，或者回答与话题无关。 |