ESL
托福口语所需要的能力
Task 1
万能理由框架：
- Money
- Time
- Convenience
- Friendship/ Social / Relationship
- Relax/ Stress
- Health
- Knowledge
- Experience
- Sense of Achievement
- Environment
Task 1 答题结构
- opinion
- reason 1
- development
- development
- reason 2
- development
- development
- conclusion (if there’s time)
Task 2
Task 2 答题结构
- The proposal
- The two reasons/details of the proposal
- The Speaker’s opinion
- The first reason from the speaker and its supporting information
- The second reason from the speaker and its suporting information
- Conslusion
Task 3
Task 3 答题结构
- The academic term
- The definition
- The example (specific information from the lecture that can explain the definition)
- Conclusion
Task 4
Task 4 答题结构
- The topic
- The first aspect
- The example (specific information that can explain the topic & aspect)
- The second aspect
- The example (specific information that can explain the topic & aspect)
- Conclusion
评分标准
点击箭头展开独立口语评分标准
| SCORE 分数 |
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 一般描述 |
DELIVERY 语言表达 |
LANGUAGE USE 语言使用 |
TOPIC DEVELOPMENT 主题发展 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse. A response at this level is characterized by all of the following: 回答满足任务要求，内容基本完整，最多只有轻微的遗漏。语言表达清晰且具有持续的连贯性。该级别的回答具备以下所有特征： |
Generally well-paced flow (fluid expression). Speech is clear. It may include minor lapses, or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation patterns, which do not affect overall intelligibility. 总体上节奏良好（表达流畅）。语言清晰。可能存在轻微的疏漏，或在发音或语调上有些小问题，但不影响整体的可理解性。 |
The response demonstrates effective use of grammar and vocabulary. It exhibits a fairly high degree of automaticity with good control of basic and complex structures (as appropriate). Some minor (or systematic) errors are noticeable but do not obscure meaning. 回答展示了有效的语法和词汇使用。表现出较高的熟练度，对基础和复杂结构（根据需要）有良好的掌控。一些轻微的（或系统性）错误可能会出现，但不影响理解。 |
Response is sustained and sufficient to the task. It is generally well developed and coherent; relationships between ideas are clear (or there is a clear progression of ideas). 回答内容充实，能够充分满足任务要求。整体结构较为完整且连贯，思想之间的联系清晰明了（或思想有条理地逐步展开）。 |
| 3 | The response addresses the task appropriately but may fall short of being fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression, though it exhibits some noticeable lapses in the expression of ideas. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答能够恰当地处理任务，但可能没有完全展开。总体上是可以理解且连贯的，表达有一定的流畅性，尽管在思想表达上有时会出现明显的疏漏。此级别的回答通常具备以下至少两项特征： |
Speech is generally clear, with some fluidity of expression, though minor difficulties with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing are noticeable and may require listener effort at times (though overall intelligibility is not significantly affected). 语言表达通常是清晰的，并且有一定的流畅性，尽管发音、语调或节奏上存在一些小问题，有时可能需要听者稍加注意（但整体的可理解性并未受到显著影响）。 |
The response demonstrates fairly automatic and effective use of grammar and vocabulary, and fairly coherent expression of relevant ideas. Response may exhibit some imprecise or inaccurate use of vocabulary or grammatical structures or be somewhat limited in the range of structures used. This may affect overall fluency, but it does not seriously interfere with the communication of the message. 回答展示了较为熟练和有效的语法和词汇使用，相关想法的表达也相对连贯。可能存在一些词汇或语法结构使用不够精确，或者在语法结构的多样性上有所局限。这可能会影响整体流利度，但不会严重影响信息的传递。 |
Response is mostly coherent and sustained and conveys relevant ideas/information. Overall development is somewhat limited, usually lacks elaboration or specificity. Relationships between ideas may at times not be immediately clear. 回答大多连贯且具持续性，传达了相关的想法或信息。整体内容发展略显不足，通常缺乏深入或具体的阐述。思想之间的关系有时可能并不十分清晰。 |
| 2 | The response addresses the task, but development of the topic is limited. It contains intelligible speech, although problems with delivery and/ or overall coherence occur; meaning may be obscured in places. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答涉及了任务，但主题的发展有限。虽然内容基本可理解，但在表达和/或整体连贯性上存在问题；在某些地方意义可能会变得模糊。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Speech is basically intelligible, though listener effort is needed because of unclear articulation, awkward intonation, or choppy rhythm/pace; meaning may be obscured in places. 语言基本上是可以理解的，但由于发音不清晰、语调不自然，或者节奏/速度不连贯，可能需要听者多加努力；在某些地方意义可能会模糊。 |
The response demonstrates limited range and control of grammar and vocabulary. These limitations often prevent full expression of ideas. For the most part, only basic sentence structures are used successfully and spoken with fluidity. Structures and vocabulary may express mainly simple (short) and/or general propositions, with simple or unclear connections made among them (serial listing, conjunction, juxtaposition). 回答展示了语法和词汇范围的局限性，以及对它们的控制不够。这些限制经常阻碍思想的完整表达。大多数情况下，只有基本句子结构能够被流畅地使用。结构和词汇可能主要用于表达简单（短小）和/或一般的观点，且它们之间的连接往往比较简单或不太清晰（如使用简单的列举、连接词或并列结构）。 |
The response is connected to the task, though the number of ideas presented or the development of ideas is limited. Mostly basic ideas are expressed with limited elaboration (details and support). At times relevant substance may be vaguely expressed or repetitious. Connections of ideas may be unclear. 回答与任务相关，但所表达的想法数量有限或发展不够充分。主要表达的是一些基本的想法，并且缺乏深入的阐述（如细节和支持）。有时，相关内容可能被模糊地表达或显得重复。思想之间的联系可能不太清晰。 |
| 1 | The response is very limited in content and/or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task, or speech is largely unintelligible. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答的内容和/或连贯性非常有限，或者与任务的关联性极低，亦或语言大部分难以理解。此级别的回答通常具备以下至少两个特征： |
Consistent pronunciation, stress and intonation difficulties cause considerable listener effort; delivery is choppy, fragmented, or telegraphic; frequent pauses and hesitations. 持续的发音、重音和语调问题使听者需要付出相当大的努力；表达断断续续、支离破碎或像电报般简短；频繁的停顿和犹豫。 |
Range and control of grammar and vocabulary severely limit or prevent expression of ideas and connections among ideas. Some low-level responses may rely heavily on practiced or formulaic expressions. 语法和词汇的使用范围和控制能力严重限制或阻碍了思想的表达及其之间的联系。一些低水平的回答可能严重依赖于预先练习或公式化的表达。 |
Limited relevant content is expressed. The response generally lacks substance beyond expression of very basic ideas. Speaker may be unable to sustain speech to complete the task and may rely heavily on repetition of the prompt. 表达的相关内容有限。回答通常缺乏除非常基本的想法表达之外的实质性内容。说话者可能无法持续讲话以完成任务，并可能严重依赖于重复问题。 |
| 0 | Speaker makes no attempt to respond OR response is unrelated to the topic. 说话者没有尝试回答或回答与主题无关。 |
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点击箭头展开综合口语评分标准
| SCORE 分数 |
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 一般描述 |
DELIVERY 语言表达 |
LANGUAGE USE 语言使用 |
TOPIC DEVELOPMENT 主题发展 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse. A response at this level is characterized by all of the following: 回答满足任务要求，完整性上最多只有轻微的疏漏。表达高度清晰，并展示了持续且连贯的话语。这个级别的回答具备以下所有特征： |
Speech is generally clear, fluid and sustained. It may include minor lapses or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation. Pace may vary at times as the speaker attempts to recall information. Overall intelligibility remains high. 话语通常清晰、流畅并且持续。可能会有轻微的失误或发音、语调上的小问题。当说话者试图回忆信息时，语速可能会有变化。但整体的可理解性仍然很高。 |
The response demonstrates good control of basic and complex grammatical structures that allow for coherent, efficient (automatic) expression of relevant ideas. Contains generally effective word choice. Though some minor (or systematic) errors or imprecise use may be noticeable, they do not require listener effort (or obscure meaning). 回答展示了对基础和复杂语法结构的良好掌控，能够连贯且高效（自动）地表达相关想法。整体用词选择有效。尽管可能会有一些小的（或系统性的）错误或不精确的使用，但这些问题不会影响理解，也不需要听者特别费力。 |
The response presents a clear progression of ideas and conveys the relevant information required by the task. It includes appropriate detail, though it may have minor errors or minor omissions. 回答展现了清晰的思路发展，并表达了任务所需的相关信息。内容包含适当的细节，尽管可能会有一些小错误或遗漏。 |
| 3 | The response addresses the task appropriately, but may fall short of being fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression, though it exhibits some noticeable lapses in the expression of ideas. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答适当地处理了任务，但可能没有完全展开。总体上是可以理解且连贯的，表达具有一定的流畅性，尽管在表达想法时表现出一些明显的疏漏。这个级别的回答通常具备以下至少两个特征： |
Speech is generally clear, with some fluidity of expression, but it exhibits minor difficulties with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing and may require some listener effort at times. Overall intelligibility remains good, however. 话语通常清晰，表达有一定的流畅性，但在发音、语调或语速上存在一些小困难，有时可能需要听者稍作努力。然而，整体的可理解性仍然良好。 |
The response demonstrates fairly automatic and effective use of grammar and vocabulary, and fairly coherent expression of relevant ideas. Response may exhibit some imprecise or inaccurate use of vocabulary or grammatical structures or be somewhat limited in the range of structures used. Such limitations do not seriously interfere with the communication of the message. 回答展示了较为熟练和有效的语法和词汇使用，相关想法的表达也相对连贯。回答中可能会出现一些词汇或语法结构使用不够精确或不准确的情况，或者在结构使用的多样性上有所局限。这些限制不会严重影响信息的传达。。 |
The response is sustained and conveys relevant information required by the task. However, it exhibits some incompleteness, inaccuracy, lack of specificity with respect to content, or choppiness in the progression of ideas. 回答是持续的，并表达了任务所需的相关信息。然而，它在内容上表现出一些不完整、不准确、不具体，或者在思想发展的连贯性上存在一些问题。 |
| 2 | The response is connected to the task, though it may be missing some relevant information or contain inaccuracies. It contains some intelligible speech, but at times problems with intelligibility and/or overall coherence may obscure meaning. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答与任务相关，但可能缺少一些重要信息或包含不准确的信息。话语在某些情况下是可以理解的，但有时由于可理解性和/或整体连贯性的问题可能导致意义模糊。这个级别的回答通常具备以下至少两个特征： |
Speech is clear at times, though it exhibits problems with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing and so may require significant listener effort. Speech may not be sustained at a consistent level throughout. Problems with intelligibility may obscure meaning in places (but not throughout). 话语有时清晰，但在发音、语调或语速上存在问题，因此可能需要听者付出较大的努力。话语可能无法在整个过程中保持一致的水平。可理解性的问题可能在某些地方（但不是在所有地方）导致意义模糊。 |
The response is limited in the range and control of vocabulary and grammar demonstrated (some complex structures may be used, but typically contain errors). This results in limited or vague expression of relevant ideas and imprecise or inaccurate connections. Automaticity of expression may only be evident at the phrasal level. 回答在词汇和语法的范围和控制上表现出有限性（尽管可能会使用一些复杂结构，但通常包含错误）。这导致相关想法的表达有限或模糊，以及连接的不精确或不准确。表达的熟练程度可能仅在短语层面上有所体现。 |
The response conveys some relevant information but is clearly incomplete or inaccurate. It is incomplete if it omits key ideas, makes vague reference to key ideas, or demonstrates limited development of important information. An inaccurate response demonstrates misunderstanding of key ideas from the stimulus. Typically, ideas expressed may not be well-connected or cohesive so that familiarity with the stimulus is necessary to follow what is being discussed. 回答表达了一些相关信息，但明显不完整或不准确。如果它省略了关键想法，或对关键想法的引用模糊，或仅有有限的关键信息展开，则为不完整的回答。不准确的回答表明对题目中的关键想法存在误解。通常，表达的想法可能连接不够紧密或缺乏连贯性，因此需要对题目内容有一定的熟悉程度才能理解讨论的内容。 |
| 1 | The response is very limited in content or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task. Speech may be largely unintelligible. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following: 回答在内容或连贯性上非常有限，或者只是最小程度地与任务相关。话语可能大部分都无法理解。这个级别的回答至少具有以下两个特征： |
Consistent pronunciation and intonation problems cause considerable listener effort and frequently obscure meaning. Delivery is choppy, fragmented, or telegraphic. Speech contains frequent pauses and hesitations. 持续的发音和语调问题导致听者需要付出大量的努力，并经常使意义模糊。表达方式是断断续续的，碎片化的，或者像电报一样简短。话语包含频繁的停顿和犹豫。 |
Range and control of grammar and vocabulary severely limit (or prevent) expression of ideas and connections among ideas. Some very low-level responses may rely on isolated words or short utterances to communicate ideas. 语法和词汇的范围和控制严重限制（或阻碍）思想的表达及其之间的联系。一些非常低级的回答可能依赖孤立的单词或短语来表达思想。 |
The response fails to provide much relevant content. Ideas that are expressed are often inaccurate, limited to vague utterances, or repetitions (including repetition of prompt). 回答未能提供多少相关内容。表达的想法通常不准确，限于模糊的陈述或重复（包括对题目的重复）。 |
| 0 | Speaker makes no attempt to respond OR response is unrelated to the topic. 发言人没有试图回答，或者回答与话题无关。 |